PROSTATE CANCER - Examination & Investigations

Here we will discuss the clinical examination and investigations carried out for prostate cancer

Clinical examination

Includes per rectal examination to feel the prostate gland, palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours. The patient is examined from head to foot to find out if there are any lesions.

Investigations

1) Complete blood investigations
RBC, WBC, Platlets, ESR, bleeding time, clotting time etc.

2) Urine analysis
Microscopic examination to detect pus cells, occult blood, casts, Crystals etc.

3) Renal function tests
Blood urea level, serum creatinine level, electrolyte level etc.

4) Serum acid phosphatase
Increased in cancer of prostate.

5) x-ray of the spine
To detect any tumour or fracture.

6) Ultra sonography
Gives idea about prostate, bladder, kidney etc.

7) C T scan
More detailed information about organs and tumour.

8) MRI of the spine
Gives detailed information about spine, disc and nearby soft tissues.

9) Lymphangiography
Gives idea about lymphatic spread of cancer.

10) Biopsy to confirm cancer
Biopsy is taken from the tumour and is send for histopathological examination under the microscope. This will detect the presence of cancer cells.

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